Dog Backpack Safety Tips [2025 Guide]

By Devin Kelly, DOGPAK Founder 

Introduction to Dog Backpack Safety

In a previous article, we explored the various applications for dog backpacks—from therapy and service dogs to search and rescue work. Whether on the trail or in everyday settings, a well-designed K9 backpack can serve multiple purposes for working dogs and active companions alike.

But before loading up your four-legged friend with gear, it's crucial to understand the safety implications. This comprehensive guide addresses the most important questions about dog backpacks and provides evidence-based recommendations to keep your canine companion healthy, comfortable, and safe on all your adventures together.

Are Dog Backpacks Safe?

Before considering a backpack for your dog, consult with your veterinarian about these key questions:

• Is your dog physically capable of carrying additional weight?
• Does your dog have any health conditions that might be exacerbated by wearing a backpack?
• Is your dog the appropriate age for backpack training?
• Is your dog's breed predisposed to structural issues that might make backpacks problematic?
• Is your dog's size suitable for carrying a pack?

Only after addressing these questions with your vet should you proceed with backpack training for your dog.

Weight Guidelines: How Much Can Your Dog Carry?

For healthy, properly conditioned dogs, the absolute maximum weight recommendation is 25% of your dog's body weight—but this upper limit should only apply to exceptionally fit working dogs with proper training and conditioning.

For most dogs, more conservative guidelines are appropriate:

Recommended Weight Limits:

• Experienced hiking dogs: 15-18% of body weight for well-conditioned dogs with extensive trail experience
• Novice or sensitive dogs: 10% or less of body weight for younger dogs, older dogs, or those new to wearing packs

Reality check: Dogs aren't naturally designed to carry significant extra weight over long distances. Even with proper training, most dogs will be happier and safer with lighter loads.

The DOGPAK Design Philosophy

Our Moab Lite daypack was intentionally designed with a minimalist approach—slim, ultralight, and with limited capacity to prevent overloading. The strategic adjustment straps position weight close to the dog's ribs and over their shoulders where their frame provides the strongest support.

Many oversized packs on the market encourage overloading or create unnecessary bulk that interferes with your dog's natural movement. While specialized expedition dogs might benefit from larger packs for multi-day journeys, our streamlined daypack offers greater versatility for most dogs and their humans.

What About Sled Dogs?

Sled dogs demonstrate remarkable strength and endurance when pulling loads, but it's important to note that the physics of pulling a sled distributes force differently than carrying weight on the back. The harnesses used for sledding are specifically engineered to optimize pulling mechanics.

That said, a properly conditioned dog with a well-fitted backpack can safely carry appropriate loads on hikes, provided you follow the guidelines outlined in this article.

Safety Factors to Consider

Several critical factors determine whether a backpack is appropriate for your particular dog:

Size Considerations

Size plays a crucial role in determining backpack suitability:

• Extremely small dogs (under 10 pounds): Generally lack the skeletal structure to safely support additional weight. Many toy breeds are predisposed to conditions affecting joints, bones, and connective tissues.
• Extra-large dogs: Despite their impressive size, many giant breeds have higher risks of skeletal issues like hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis, hypertrophic osteodystrophy, and panosteitis (growing pains) related to their rapid growth during development.

While larger-framed dogs can typically carry more weight in absolute terms compared to smaller dogs, the relationship isn't strictly linear. There comes a point where additional weight becomes detrimental regardless of the dog's size.

For these reasons, our initial Moab Lite daypack release comes in two sizes: Medium and Large/XL, covering the majority of dogs that fall within the safe range for backpack use. We hope to expand our sizing options in future releases. If you have specific sizing questions, please reach out to our team directly.

Age Factors

Both very young and senior dogs require special consideration:

Senior dogs often face challenges like arthritis, ligament degeneration, and potential heart conditions that can make carrying extra weight inadvisable.

Young dogs require equal caution. A puppy's skeletal structure continues developing well past the point when they appear full-grown. Growth plates must fully close before a dog should carry significant weight, however, they can train with an empty or very light pack harness in order to acclimate to wearing the pack when the time is right.

Puppy Development Timeline:

• 4-8 months: Major growth period
• 12 months: Primary long bone growth established
• 18+ months: Growth plate closure (potentially longer for large breeds)

As a general principle, larger breeds typically need more time for complete skeletal development. Premature exercise with added weight can lead to pain and long-term joint issues.

Large, fast-growing breeds may also experience panosteitis ("growing pains"), making strenuous hikes uncomfortable even without added weight.

Breed-Specific Considerations

Certain breeds have inherent structural characteristics that affect their suitability for backpacks:

• Breeds with hereditary predispositions to conditions like hip dysplasia
• Dogs with structural vulnerabilities, such as Dachshunds, whose elongated spines and short legs aren't designed to support extra weight
• Brachycephalic (short-snouted) breeds, which may struggle with breathing and temperature regulation

Important cooling mechanisms: Unlike humans who cool through sweating, dogs primarily regulate temperature through panting. This process involves vasodilation, increased surface area, and evaporation. Dogs with shortened snouts have less surface area for effective cooling.

Safety tip: Dogs cannot pant effectively while running. On warm days, provide regular breaks between active periods to allow proper cooling through panting.

Fitness & Conditioning

Just as humans need to train gradually for endurance activities, dogs require proper conditioning to safely carry backpacks:

Building supportive muscle tissue, joint stability, and skeletal strength requires consistent training with gradually increasing duration and difficulty. Rushing this process can lead to overuse injuries, inflammation, and inadequate recovery.

Common issues from insufficient conditioning include ligament tears, joint damage, and chronic arthritis. Always follow a conservative progression when training your dog to wear a backpack.

Mental Preparation & Training

The psychological aspects of backpack training are equally important:

Introduce the backpack gradually using positive reinforcement techniques. Many dogs initially find the sensation unusual and may walk awkwardly or appear uncomfortable. With patience and positive associations, most dogs adapt quickly and learn to move naturally with the pack.

If your dog shows persistent fear, anxiety, or aggression related to the backpack, take a step back in your training progression. Some dogs may require more time or a different approach.

In rare cases, a dog may never become comfortable with a backpack due to past trauma or temperament. Consult with a qualified positive-reinforcement trainer if you encounter significant resistance.

Health Concerns

Every dog has individual health considerations that may affect their ability to wear a backpack safely:

Work closely with your veterinarian to identify any breed-specific, hereditary, or individual health factors that might make backpack use inadvisable for your particular dog.

Understand the warning signs of distress or injury and develop a plan for addressing emergencies on the trail.

Choosing the Right Dog Backpack

Selecting an appropriate backpack is crucial for your dog's comfort, safety, and enjoyment. Consider these key factors:

Proper Fit

The most critical aspect of any dog backpack is fit:

• Chest girth: Measure the widest part of your dog's chest for accurate sizing
• Length: The pack should not extend beyond the base of the tail or restrict movement
• Weight: Choose lightweight materials to minimize the base weight before adding contents
• Balance: Look for packs with equal-sized compartments for even weight distribution

Material and Construction

Quality materials directly impact comfort, durability, and performance:

• Weather resistance: Waterproof or water-resistant materials keep contents dry and prevent the pack from becoming waterlogged and heavier
• Breathability: Mesh panels prevent overheating and reduce chafing
• Durability: Ripstop fabrics resist tears and extend pack life
• Reinforced stitching: Critical for weight-bearing points to prevent failures
• Washability: Easy-to-clean materials simplify maintenance after muddy adventures

Essential Design Features

Look for these important functional elements:

• Padded harness: Distributes weight evenly and prevents rubbing
• Adjustable straps: Allows customization as your dog's muscle tone changes
• Reflective elements: Enhances visibility in low light
• Compression system: Keeps load stable and close to your dog's body
• Quick-release buckles: Enables emergency removal when necessary
• Handle: Assists your dog over obstacles
• Multiple attachment points: For leash connection or securing additional gear

Weight Distribution System

Proper load placement is essential:

• Center of gravity: Weight should sit over the shoulders, not the middle or lower back
• Stability straps: Prevents shifting during movement
• Pack position: Should remain high on the back without sliding to the sides

The DOGPAK Difference

The Moab Lite embodies these principles through:

• Ultralight construction: Minimizes empty weight
• Minimalist design: Naturally prevents overloading
• Strategic compression: Keeps load close to the body and properly positioned over the strongest part of the frame
• Balanced compartments: Ensures even weight distribution

Preparing for the Trail

Before heading out with your backpack-equipped dog, make these important preparations:

• Learn basic canine first aid and carry essential supplies
• Research your destination for potential hazards:
  • Wildlife (predators, venomous creatures)
  • Weather conditions (extreme heat, cold, ice)
  • Parasites (ticks, mosquitoes)
  • Local regulations for dogs
  • Hunting seasons and restrictions
  • Terrain challenges

Frequently Asked Questions

At what age can my dog start wearing a backpack?

Lighter weight daypacks like the Moab Lite have a similar base weight as a regular harness, meaning even young pups can begin wearing them if they are empty. Most dogs should not wear a loaded backpack until their growth plates have closed (typically 12-18 months depending on breed size). Larger breeds may need to wait until 24 months. You can introduce an empty pack earlier for training, but consult your veterinarian before adding any weight.

How do I know if the backpack is too heavy?

Signs of an overweight pack include: lagging behind, excessive panting, refusing to move, frequent lying down, altered gait, difficulty maintaining balance, or showing discomfort. Start with light loads (5-10% of body weight) and increase gradually only if your dog shows no strain.

Can small dogs like Chihuahuas wear backpacks?

Very small dogs (under 10 pounds) generally should not wear backpacks with any weight. Their frames are too delicate. For small breeds, consider only ultralight, minimalist harnesses only for leash attachment.

Are there specific breeds that should never wear backpacks?

It is less about breed and more about the concerns of individual dogs, but sometimes those dogs correspond with certain breeds that have known spinal or structural issues and should avoid backpacks, including:

• Dachshunds and other long-backed, short-legged breeds (susceptible to intervertebral disc disease)
• Breeds prone to luxating patellas
• Dogs with existing hip dysplasia, arthritis, or joint problems
• Extremely brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds with breathing difficulties

Always consult with your veterinarian about your specific dog's ability to wear a pack.

How do I train my dog to accept wearing a backpack?

Training should be gradual:

1. Introduce the empty pack for investigation
2. Place it on their back without fastening, offering treats and praise
3. Fasten straps for brief periods, gradually increasing time
4. Practice indoor walking with the empty pack
5. Add minimal weight in controlled environments
6. Gradually increase weight and activity level

Positive reinforcement is essential throughout this process. Eventually, many dogs learn to associate the pack with adventure and get excited when they see you bust it out!

Can my dog swim while wearing a backpack?

Be extremely vigilant around water if your dog is wearing a pack. The pack can become waterlogged, adding significant weight and potentially causing your dog to struggle or sink. Straps could also catch on underwater obstacles. Always remove the backpack before allowing your dog to enter water. One exception is using an empty pack and placing an empty plastic bottle in each pocket to function as a make-shift life jacket—a clever workaround I used with Thunder back in the day. 

How often should I give my dog breaks when hiking with a backpack?

Take more frequent breaks than you would if your dog wasn't carrying weight. A good rule is a 5-10 minute break every 30-45 minutes of hiking, allowing rest without removing the pack. During longer breaks (every 1-2 hours), remove the pack completely to give your dog's muscles a chance to recover.

What essential items should I pack in my dog's backpack?

Priority items include:

• Collapsible water bowl and water (balancing with your own supply)
• Dog first aid supplies
• High-energy dog snacks
• Waste bags
• Small cooling towel for hot days
• Emergency contact information

Always distribute weight evenly on both sides of the pack.

Conclusion: Making the Most of Backpacking With Dogs

While I've consulted with three trusted veterinarians to validate this information, I'm not a veterinarian myself. My experience comes from years as a horse trainer, dog trainer, and livestock manager across a dozen countries.

I've packed horses and mules through some of the world's most challenging terrain. My dog Thunder and I have hiked extensively throughout the Rockies, Sierras, Appalachians, Andes, and Alps during our 12 years together.

Thunder has been trained as a cattle heeler, therapy dog, avalanche search and rescue dog, psychiatric service dog, and an all-around good boy. Together, we've traveled to 45 states and 32 countries.

Through all these experiences, perhaps the most important lesson I've learned is how much I still have to learn. Don't take my word as the final authority—consult with trusted veterinary professionals and learn basic canine first aid before hitting the trail.

We'll see you out there!